Hans Köchler -- Seminar im Wintersemester 2002/2003

Dienstag, 15-17 Uhr, Seminarraum, Institut für Philosophie

Internationales Strafrecht - Rechtsphilosophische GRundlagen

Ziel:

Erörterung der rechtsphilosophischen Grundlagen und Widersprüche der internationalen Strafgerichtsbarkeit in ihrer gegenwärtigen Form unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes.

Themenhinweise:

Darstellung der Geschichte der internationalen Strafgerichtsbarkeit im Spannungsfeld von Machtpolitik und Rechtsstaatlichkeit
Rechtsphilosophische Analyse der Grundlagen der Jurisdiktion der nach dem 2. Weltkrieg eingerichteten internationalen Tribunale (Nürnberg und Tokyo)
Hans Kelsens Überlegungen zum Frieden durch Recht
Rechtsphilosophische Analyse der Grundlagen der Jurisdiktion der vom Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen eingerichteten ad hoc-Tribunale (zu Jugoslawien und Ruanda)/ Fragen der Unabhängigkeit der Justiz vom Sicherheitsrat etc.
Erörterung der von internationalen Tribunalen erfassten Straftatbestände (Völkermord, Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit, Verbrechen gegen den Frieden, Kriegsverbrechen etc.)
Analyse des Statutes des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes im Hinblick auf das Prinzip der Gewaltenteilung, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Unabhängigkeit von machtpolitischer Einflussnahme – Bedeutet die Errichtung des Strafgerichtshofes einen Paradigmenwechsel im Völkerrecht?
Mögliche Verbesserungen und Erweiterungen des Statutes des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes (Definition von „Aggression“, Einführung eines Tatbestandes „internationaler Terrorismus“?)
Analyse der Doktrin der „universalen Jurisdiktion“ und deren Umsetzung im innerstaatlichen Bereich (z.B. Belgien: Gesetz von 1993 [Anklage von ausländischen Politikern vor belgischen Gerichten], Deutschland: Gesetz zur Einführung des Völkerstrafgesetzbuches, 2002)
Grundsatzfragen innerstaatlicher Strafgerichtsbarkeit in Sachen des internationalen Terrorismus – Strafjustiz im Umfeld zwischenstaatlicher Konflikte (Analyse des Lockerbie-Prozesses)
Neubestimmung der staatlichen Souveränität angesichts der Doktrin der universalen Jurisdiktion
Die strafrechtliche Verfolgung des internationalen Terrorismus im Rahmen der bestehenden völkerrechtlichen Konventionen
Analyse machtpolitischer Konflikte im Zusammenhang mit der vom Internationalen Strafgerichtshof repräsentierten/reklamierten universalen Jurisdiktion (Ablehnung des Gerichtshofes durch die USA, Forderungen nach Immunität für bestimmte Kategorien von Soldaten bzw. von Soldaten aus bestimmten Ländern etc.)
Zur Frage des Primates des Sicherheitsrates gegenüber dem Internationalen Gerichtshof und dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof (Machtpolitik versus Herrschaft des Rechts? Zum Status von Kapitel VII-Resolutionen)
Analyse des normenlogischen Widerspruches zwischen den Theorien der „humanitären Intervention“ und der „universalen Jurisdiktion“
Der völkerrechtliche Status des vorgeschlagenen American Servicembers’ Protection Act
(ev.) gemeinsame Lektüre und Interpretation von: Henry A. Kissinger, The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction
Diskussion von ausgewählten Abschnitten des Statutes des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes

Literatur (Auswahl):

Heiko Ahlbrecht, Geschichte der völkerrechtlichen Strafgerichtsbarkeit im 20. Jahrhundert. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der völkerrechtlichen Straftatbestände und der Bemühungen um einen Ständigen Internationalen Strafgerichtshof. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999.
[Amnesty International], UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION: The duty to enact and enforce jurisdiction. AI-index: IOR 53/017/2001, 01/09/2001, at web.amnesty.org.
Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York etc.: Penguin Books, 1994.
Gary Jonathan Bass, Stay the Hand of Vengeance. The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000.
M. Cherif Bassiouni, “Establishing an International Criminal Court. Historical Survey,” in: “Nuremberg and the Rule of Law: A fifty-year Verdict.” Military Law Review, vol. 149 (1995), pp. 49-67.
M. Cherif Bassiouni (ed.), International Criminal Law. Ardsley, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, 2^nd ed. 1999. 3 vols.
Yves Beigbeder, Judging War Criminals: The Politics of International Justice. Foreword by Theo van Boven. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999; Houndmills/London: MacMillan Press, 1999.
James Bissett, “Justice or Politics at The Hague?” at www.deltax.net/bissett/a-hague.htm.
Christopher Black, “An Impartial Tribunal, really?” at emperors-clothes.com/analysis/impartial.htm.
Frederick Bowie, “Untried, untested,” in: Al-Ahram Weekly, Cairo, 11-17 July 2002, p. 5.
John W. Bridge, “The Case for an International Court of Criminal Justice and the Formulation of International Criminal Law,” in: International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 13 (1964), pp. 1255-1281.
Justin Brown, “US Angers Allies As It Fights Creation of International War Crimes Court, US Wants Immunity,” in: Christian Science Monitor, 13 June 2000 at commondreams.org/headlines/061300-01.htm.
[Amnesty International], UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION: Belgian court has jurisdiction in Sharon case to investigate 1982 Sabra and Chatila killings. Amnesty International report, AI-index: IOP 53/001/2002, 1 May 2002 at www.amnesty.org.
Antonio Cassese, International Law in a Divided World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Antonio Cassese, Violence and Law in the Modern Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Antonio Cassese, The Path to the Hague: Selected Documents on the Origins of the ICTY. The Hague: United Nations, 1996.
Antonio Cassese, “Reflections on International Criminal Justice,” (XXVth Chorley Lecture, London School of Economics), in: The Modern Law Review, vol. 61, no.1, January 1998, pp 1-10.
Antonio Cassese, “On the Current Trends towards Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Breaches of International Humanitarian Law,” in: European Journal of International Law, vol. 9, n. 1, 1998 (online version at www.ejil.org/journal/Vol9/No1/art1.html ).
Antonio Cassese, Paola Gaeta, John R.W.D. Jones (general eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Ramsey Clark / Lawrence W. Schilling, New York: In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1989: Farag M. Mohammed Saltany, as personal representative of Khloud Hasan Al-Oraibi, deceased, and Hasan Mohamed Al-Oraibi, deceased, et al., Petitioners, vs. Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States, et al., Respondents: Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Counsel Press, New York [1989].
Anthony D’Amato, “The Imposition of Attorney Sanctions for Claims Arising from the U.S. Air Raid on Libya,” in: American Journal of International Law, vol. 84 (1990), pp. 705ff.
Thomas Darnstädt, “Frieden durch Recht,” in: Der Spiegel, no. 27/2001, 2 July 2001, pp. 138-147.
Timothy C. Evered, „An International Criminal Court. Recent Proposals and American Concerns,“ in: Pace International Law Review, vol. 6 (1994), pp. 121-158.
Richard Falk, “The Pursuit of International Justice. Present Dilemmas and An Imagined Future,” in: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52, issue 2 (Spring 1999), pp. 409-441.
Benjamin B. Ferencz, “An International Criminal Code and Court: Where They Stand and Where They’re Going,” in: Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 30 (1992), pp. 375-399.
Hazel Fox, “The Objections to Transfer of Criminal Jurisdiction to the UN Tribunal,” in: International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 46 (1997), pp. 434-442.
Thomas Franck, Fairness in International Law and Institutions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Alton Frye, Toward an International Criminal Court? Three Options Presented as Presidential Speeches. A Council Policy Initiative Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations. New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 2000.
Charles Garraway, “Superior orders and the International Criminal Court: Justice delivered or justice denied,” in: International Review of the Red Cross, No. 836, 31 Dec. 1999, pp. 785-794.
Bernhard Graefrath, “Universal Criminal Jurisdiction of an International Criminal Court,” in: European Journal of International Law, vol. 1 (1990), pp. 67ff.
Lawrence R. Helfer, Anne-Marie Slaughter, “Toward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication,” in: The Yale Law Journal, vol. 107 (1997), pp. 273-391.
Edward S. Herman, “The Milosevic Trial, Part 1. The Tribunal and its record,” in: Fog Watch, Z Magazine, April 2002, online version at www.zmag.org/ZMag/articles/april02herman.htm.
Stanley Hoffman, Duties Beyond Borders: On the Limits and Possibilities of Ethical International Politics. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981.
Carola Hoyos, “US pursues creative ways to evade the reach of the world criminal court,” in: Financial Times, 30 May 2002.
International Court of Justice, Press Release 2002/04bis, 14 February 2002: Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium). Summary of the Judgment of 14 February 2002, at www.icj-cij.org/rcjwww/ipresscom/ipress2002/ipresscom2002-04bis_cobe_20020214.htm.
International Law Association (ILA): Report of the 33^rd Conference. London, 1925.
International Peace Bureau / International Progress Organization: Appeal by Lawyers Against Nuclear War. Geneva / Vienna, 1987.
Ian Johnson, The Judge as Prosecutor : Two Days at the “Trial” of Slobodan Milosevic. At emperors-clothes.com/articles/ian/day.htm , 19 June 2002.
John R.W.D. Jones, The Practice of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1998.
Hans Kelsen, Peace through Law. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944.
Raymond Kent, “The Hague Tribunal, the Clinton Administration and the Serbs.” University of California at Berkeley, 1996, at diaspora-net.org/food4thought/kent.htm.
Henry A. Kissinger, “The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction,” in: Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, no. 4 (July/August 2001), pp. 86-96.
Hans Köchler, Democracy and the International Rule of Law. Propositions for an Alternative World Order. Selected Papers Published on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. Vienna / New York: Springer Verlag, 1995.
Hans Köchler, [International Progress Organization] Memorandum on the Indictment of the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the President of the Republic of Serbia and Other Officials of Yugoslavia by the "International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Caracas, 27 May 1999, at i-p-o.org/yu-tribunal.htm .
[Hans Köchler], Report on and evaluation of the Lockerbie Trial conducted by the special Scottish Court in the Netherlands at Kamp van Zeist by Dr. Hans Köchler, University Professor, international observer of the International Progress Organization nominated by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on the basis of Security Council resolution 1192 (1998). Santiago de Chile, 3 February 2001, at i-p-o.org/lockerbie-report.htm.
Hans Köchler, The Concept of Humanitarian Intervention in the Context of Modern Power Politics. In the Revival of the Doctrine of “Just War” Compatible with the International Rule of Law? Studies in International Relations, XXVI. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2001.
[Hans Köchler], Report on the appeal proceedings at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands (Lockerbie Court) in the case of Abdelbaset Ali Mohamed Al Megrahi v. H. M. Advocate by Professor Hans Koechler, international observer of the International Progress Organization nominated by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on the basis of Security Council resolution 1192 (1998). Vienna, 26 March 2002, at i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-appeal_report.pdf.
Hans Köchler and Jason Subler (eds.), The Lockerbie Trial. Documents Related to the I.P.O. Observer Mission. Studies in International Relations, XXVII. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2002.
Hans Köchler, “The United Nations, the International Rule of Law and Terrorism.” Fourteenth Centenary Lecture. Manila: Supreme Court of the Philippines/Philippine Judicial Academy, 2002.
Hans Köchler, Manila Lectures 2002. Terrorism and the Quest for a Just World Order. Foundation for Social Justice: Quezon City/Philippines, 2002.
Harold Hongju Koh, “Why Do Nations Obey International Law?,” in: The Yale Law Journal, vol. 106, no. 8 (June 1997), pp. 2599-2659.
Hersh Lauterpacht, “The Law of Nations and the Punishment of War Crimes,” in: British Yearbook of International Law, vol. 21 (1944), pp. 58-95.
Linda A. Malone, “Trying to Try Sharon,” in: Middle East Research and Information (MERIP), October 11, 2001, Global Policy Forum website at www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/wanted/flo12s.htm.
Michael Mandel, “Politics And Human Rights In The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia: Our Case Against NATO And The Lessons To Be Learned From It,” in: Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 25 (2001), pp. 95-128.
David Matas, “Prosecuting Crimes against Humanity: The Lessons of World War I,” in: Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 104 (1990), pp. 86-104.
Timothy L. H. McCormack / Gerry J. Simpson (eds.), The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches. The Hague / London / Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
John Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutions,” in: International Security, vol. 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994-95), pp. 5-49.
Slobodan Milošević, [Written statement on the illegitimacy of the Hague “Tribunal”], 30 August 2001.
Virginia Morris and Michael P. Scharf, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1998. 2 vols.
Gustave Moynier, “Note sur la création d’une institution judiciaire internationale propre à prévenir et à réprimer les infractions à la Convention de Genève, ” in : Bulletin international des Sociétés de secours aux militaires blessés, No. 11, April 1872, pp. 122-131.
Aryeh Neier, War Crimes: Brutality, Genocide, Terror, and the Struggle for Justice. New York: Times Books, 1998.
Hans G. Niemeyer, Einstweilige Verfügungen des Weltgerichtshofs, ihr Wesen und ihre Grenzen. Leipzig: Noske, 1932.
Rod Nordland, “War Criminals, Beware,” in: Newsweek, 21 July 1997, p. 12.
Diane F. Orentlicher, “Settling Accounts: The Duty To Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime”, in: The Yale Law Journal, vol. 100 (1991), pp. 2537-2615.
Hari M. Osofsky, “Domesticating International Criminal Law; Bringing Human Rights Violators to Justice,” in: The Yale Law Journal, vol. 107, no. 1 (October 1997), pp. 191-226.
Hari M. Osofsky, “Foreign Sovereign Immunity from Severe Human Rights Violations: New Directions for Common Law Based Approaches,” in: New York International Law Review, vol. 11, no. 1 (1998), pp. 35-69.
“Peace and Justice, Warring Angels: War Crimes,” in: The Economist, 29 April 1995, pp. 62-63.
Samantha Power, “The Stages of Justice,” in: New Republic, 2 March 1998, pp. 38ff.
[REDRESS]: Universal Jurisdiction in Europe, ANNEX: Law and Cases in Ten European Countries. REDRESS website at www.redress.org/annex.html.
Geoffrey Robertson, Crimes against Humanity. The Struggle for Global Justice. London: Allen Lane – The Penguin Press, 1999.
Herwig Roggemann, Die internationalen Strafgerichtshöfe. Einführung, Rechtsgrundlagen, Dokumente. Berlin: Berlin-Verlag Spitz, 2nd ed. 1998.
B. V. A. Röling, “The Law of War and the National Jurisdiction since 1945,” in: Hague Academy of International Law, Collected Courses, 1960-II. Leyden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1961.
B. V. A. Röling, “Criminal Responsibility for Violations of the Laws of War,” in: Revue Belge de Droit International, vol. 12 (1976), issue 8, pp. 8-26.
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court [as corrected by the procès-verbaux of 10 November 1998 and 12 July 1999]. Rome, 17 July 1998. At www.un.org/law/icc/statute99_corr/cstatute.htm .
Jasminka Sabic, “War Criminals Must Be Brought to Justice,” in: Vecernje Novine (Sarajevo), 29 October 1994, pp. 4-5.
William A. Schabas, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. Cambridge / New York etc.: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
David J. Scheffer, “International Judicial Intervention,” in: Foreign Policy, Spring 1996, pp. 34-52.
“Should We Have War Crime Trials?,” in: New York Times Book Review, 28 March 1971.
Gregory Stanton, “End Imperial Impunity,” in: These Times, December 1999, at www.thirdworldtraveler.com/International_War_Crimes/EndImperialImpunity.html
Christine Stone, “An Insider’s View of the International War Crimes Tribunal at the Hague,” at www.bhhrg.org/press-articles/press2000/an_insiders_view.htm. www.antiwar.com, 7 July 2000.
Telford Taylor, “An Outline of the Research and Publication Possibilities of the War Crimes Trials,” in: Louisiana Law Review, vol. 9 (1949), pp. 496ff.
Telford Taylor, The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
“The ILC, the International Criminal Court and the Draft Code of Crimes,” at www.unausa.org/programs/gaicc.htm .
The Path to The Hague. Selected documents on the origins of the ICTY. The Hague: International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, 1996.
The Tokyo Judgment. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (I.M.T.F.E.), 29 April 1946 – 12 November 1948. Amsterdam: APA – University Press Amsterdam, 1977. 2 vols.
“The World Tries Again: Making Rules for War,” in: The Economist, 11 March 1995, p. 23.
“Trials, Tribulations, and Tribunals,” in: The Economist, 28 May 1997, pp. 50-51.
Mark R. Von Sternberg, “A Comparison of the Yugoslavian and Rwandan War Crimes Tribunals: Universal Jurisdiction and the ‘Elementary Dictates of Humanity’,” in: Brookings Journal of International Law, vol. 22 (1996), pp. 111-156.
Evan J. Wallach, “The Procedural And Evidentiary Rules of the Post World War II Crimes Trials: Did They Provide an Outline For International Legal Procedure?” in: Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 37 (1999), online version at http://www.lawofwar.org/Tokyo%20Nurembueg%20article.htm.
Thomas S. Warrick, “War Crimes: Don’t Let Them Get Away With It,” in: The Washington Post, 20 December 1994, p. A21.
Robert K. Woetzel, The Nuremberg Trials in International Law with a Postlude on the Eichmann Case. London: Stevens, New York: Praeger, 2^nd ed. 1962.
George S. Yacoubian Jr., “The Efficacy of International Criminal Justice. Evaluating the Aftermath of the Rwandan Genocide,” in: World Affairs, vol. 161, Spring 1999, pp. 186-192.
[Gayle Young, Reuters], “International War-Crimes Court Approved, U.S. Opposition Creates Unusual Alliances,” at cgi.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9807/18/crimes.trib/ , 18 July 1998.

Legal instruments, conventions, documents related to issues of international criminal law and international humanitarian law:

Convention de Genève du 22 août 1864 pour l’amélioration du sort des militaires blessés dans les armées en campagne
Convention concernant les lois et coutumes de la guerre sur terre (29 juillet 1899, 18 octobre 1907)/ Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague Convention II : 1899 / Hague Convention IV : 1907)
Treaty of Versailles, 28 June 1919
Resolution on German War Crimes Signed by Representatives of Nine Occupied Countries, London, January 12, 1942: Inter-Allied Review, February 15, 1942
Declaration of St. James’s Palace, London, January 13, 1942
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Statement on War Crimes: White House news release, October 7, 1943
Joint Four-Nation Declaration, Moscow Conference, October 1943
Declaration Concerning Atrocities made at the Moscow Conference, October 1943
Charter of the International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg (1945)
Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (1946)
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, United Nations General Assembly: Resolution 260 (III) of 9 December 1948 (entry into force: 12 January 1951)
The Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949
Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nürnberg Tribunal and in the Judgement of the Tribunal (Text of the Nürnberg Principles adopted by the International Law Commission of the United Nations, 44^th to 49^th meetings, 12 to 19 June 1950)
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. United Nations General Assembly resolution 2391 (XXIII), U.N. Doc A/7218 (1968).
United Nations: General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX): “Definition of Aggression,” 2319^th plenary meeting, 14 December 1974
Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Geneva 1977
Loi relative à la repression des infractions graves aux conventions internationales de Genève du 12 août 1949 et aux protocols I et II du 8 juin 1977, additionnels à ces conventions, 16 juin 1993 [Belgique]. (Revised version 1999)
International Law Commission of the United Nations: Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind, 1996 (adopted at the forty-eight session of the Commission, 6 May – 26 July 1996, and submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations, UN Doc. A/51/10 [1996]).
International Court of Justice: Communiqué No. 96/23, 8 July 1996: Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998 [as corrected by the process-verbaux of 10 November 1998 and 12 July 1999] (entry into force: 1 July 2002)
The American Servicemembers’ Protection Act. House of Representatives, 2001
International Court of Justice: Judgment in the case of the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Belgium, 14 February 2002
Gesetz zur Einführung des Völkerstrafgesetzbuches, 30. Juni 2002 [Bundesrepublik Deutschland]

Modus:
Die Themen können von den Teilnehmern nach Rücksprache mit dem Seminarleiter frei gewählt werden. Die obige Liste ist nicht verbindlich. Bei der Suche nach Themen kann die beigefügte Bibliographie zu Rate gezogen werden. Teilnahmeerfordernisse: Beherrschung der englischen Sprache; Vortrag; schriftliche Arbeit (spätestens bis zum Semesterende einzureichen); aktive Diskussionsbeteiligung; regelmäßige Anwesenheit. Die Referate können in deutscher und englischer Sprache gehalten werden.

Beginn: 8. Oktober 2002.